@phdthesis{oai:kitami-it.repo.nii.ac.jp:00009041,
 author = {ANUU, ZORIG},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Allergy is a disorder of immune response that is classified into several types according to the mechanism involved. Immediate hypersensitivities such as hay fever and food allergies are categorized as type-I allergies, in which mast cells and basophilic leukocytes play an important role in the allergic reaction. Allergens are presented by dendritic cells. These cytokines induce the differentiation and class switching of B cells, and they become IgE productive plasma cells. IgEs released from plasma cells and they bind to the surface of mast cells. When the allergen reacts with IgE, that is antigen-antibody reaction, mast cells immediately release the chemical mediators, which lead to allergic symptoms such as cough and runny nose. Mast cell is stimulated by the antigen-antibody reaction, signal transduction and the intracellular increase of Ca2+ are induced. Histamine stored in the cells is released by degranulation. Histamine causes smooth muscle contraction and the promotion of mucus secretion. On the other hand, when phospholipase A2 is activated, arachidonic acid is released from the biological membrane, and leukotrienes (LTs) are produced by 5-lipoxygenase and released. LTs promote the chronicity of allergic symptoms by migrating eosinophils to allergic reaction sites.
 Inflammation is a response of body tissues to pathogens, broken cells, or irritants, and is a protecting reaction related to immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The chemical mediator launched in hypersensitivity or the like acts on blood vessels to boom blood glide and decorate vascular permeability. This promotes exudation of frame fluids and blood proteins, and neighborhood migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells which include neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. As a result, inflammatory signs and symptoms along with redness, heat, swelling, and pain are exhibited.
 Echinacea was used at length by Native Americans and by traditional herbalists in the United States, and in Canada. Many different medical conditions such as sore throat, swollen gum, gastrointestinal disorder were treated with Echinacea roots long ago by native Americans. The term Echinacea refers to several plants in the genus Echinacea. While there are nine known species of Echinacea, only the three of them, Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, and Echinacea pallida, are used as medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of the common cold and influenza.
 Echinacea purpurea is a kind of herbaceous perennial flowering plant of Asteracea family, and it is widely distributed all over the world. Native Americans utilize its roots as medicine and European people have it for herb tea, also known as the purple coneflower. The functions are Echinacea polyphenols such as caffeic acid derivatives including chicoric acid, which are abundant in the roots.
The objectives of this study are to elucidate the effects of anti-allergic and antiinflammation of Echinacea purpurea extracts in mast cells and macrophages.},
 school = {北見工業大学},
 title = {Study on biological functions of Echinacea purpurea extracts},
 year = {2021},
 yomi = {アヌ, ゾリグ}
}