@article{oai:kitami-it.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006809,
 author = {KIMURA, Masaaki and SEO, Kenji and KUSAKA, Masahiro and FUJI, Akiyoshi},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {JSME International Journal Series A},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {This report describes the observation result of joining phenomena in the friction stage，and an improvement of the conventional friction welding method with similar materials. The materials used were carbon steels and a brake type （direct drive） friction welding machine was used for joining. As the improving friction welding method, relative speed was instantaneously rendered to zero at the end of each friction time.　The wear of both surfaces started at periphery portion （outer surface）of the joint and moved to center portion （center axis）.Seizure and joining began at center portion and then extended toward periphery portion. The friction torque reached to initial peak torque when the welded interface was joined completely and upsetting of both base metals started. It was determined that friction welded joints with 100％ joint efficiency and good bend ductility could be obtained by using only the friction stage up to initial peak torque and without the need for the forging （upsetting）stage. As a conclusion，friction welded joints made without using the forging stage has the same mechanical properties as those welded by the conventional friction welding process including that stage. The friction welding method without forging stage has the advantages of less burn-off （axial shortening）and less burr., application/pdf},
 pages = {384--390},
 title = {Observation of Joining Phenomena in Friction Stage and Improving Friction welding Method},
 volume = {46},
 year = {2003}
}