@article{oai:kitami-it.repo.nii.ac.jp:02000427,
 author = {Nuerasimuguli ALIMASI and Hiroyuki ENOMOTO and Jessica CHERRY and Larry HINZMAN and Takao KAMEDA},
 issue = {6},
 journal = {SEPPYO   Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {The rapid Arctic warming has been reported. Winter to spring shift of cryosphere is the key
variables to be monitored related to warming mechanism. Satellite remote sensing is effective for
observing cryospheric change from winter to spring. Although microwave observations with a
frequency of 19 and 37 GHz have conventionally been used for the observation of snow covered areas,
this study investigated use of the low-frequency 6 GHz band. To acquire information on the
winter‒spring transition of ground conditions in Alaska, flight observations of a forest, wetland and
lake were performed using an airborne microwave radiometer. Infrared observation measures surface
warming and low frequency microwave can observe inside of snow cover. This combination expands
the information on spring snow conditions with warming and melting. The TB from the ground
displayed little regional variation in the cold period. The variation increased when the spring snow
melting season began. Surface temperature increased during the spring warming period, however,
the ground below the snow cover remained cold. Flight and satellite microwave observations
provided us with the monitoring capability for the spring warming over Alaska, and illustrate the
early warming of lowland and late warming in the mountain areas around Fairbanks. Although inside
of snow are still cold in the mountain area, significant warming in the forest, and warming in
accelerating at wetland and lake in the low land},
 pages = {365--382},
 title = {Winter-spring transition of ground conditions over Alaska derived by airborne 6 GHz microwave and infrared observations},
 volume = {78},
 year = {2016}
}